{"id":129,"date":"2024-03-01T21:46:01","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T21:46:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/chapter\/deep-neural-networks\/"},"modified":"2024-08-23T09:17:09","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T09:17:09","slug":"deep-neural-networks","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/chapter\/deep-neural-networks\/","title":{"raw":"AI\u8bf4\uff08AI-Speak\uff09\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc","rendered":"AI\u8bf4\uff08AI-Speak\uff09\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc"},"content":{"raw":"<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u8d70\u5411\u6df1\u5ea6<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"indent\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u201d<sup>2,3<\/sup>\u8f93\u5165\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"indent\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1b<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u9010\u6e10\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_907\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"575\"]<img class=\"wp-image-907\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"482\" \/> \u6765\u6e90 : Goodfellow, I.J., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Deep Learning, MIT Press, 2016.[\/caption]\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"indent\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u76f8\u90bb\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u56fe\u50cf\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u8fb9\u7f18\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u89d2\u548c\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u8fb9\u7f18\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316<sup>2,3<\/sup>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5229\u7528\u8f6e\u5ed3\u548c\u89d2\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6162\u6162\u5730\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u80fd\u591f\u8db3\u591f\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u9762\u5b54\u6216\u8bc6\u522b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-908\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"418\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"indent\">\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fb9\u7f18\u548c\u8f6e\u5ed3\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u65e6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/aiforteachers\/chapter\/ai-speak-data-based-systems-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u5c42\u6570\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u6bcf\u5c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u90fd\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"indent\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5c42\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u822c\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f18\u5316\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8f83\u5c11\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53c2\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"textbox\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u7684y=f (x, \u03b8)\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u03b8\uff1f<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8fd9\u91ccy\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u96c6x\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5728\u9762\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\u4e2d\uff0cx\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u96c6\uff0cy\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u5c42\u5c31\u50cf\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u5904\u7406\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u7565\u5fae\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u540e\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"indent\">\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fd\u6570f\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u51fd\u6570f1, f2, f3... \u5176\u4e2df= ....f3(f2(f1(x)))\u3002\u9760\u8fd1\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528f1\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u6362\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528f2\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-909\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"419\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u2014\u2014\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u5c31\u50cf\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u5c42\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65cb\u94ae<sup>3<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65cb\u94ae\u548c\u6570\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"indent\">\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bc6\u522b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fb9\u7f18\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u68c0\u6d4b\u8f6e\u5ed3\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"indent\">\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5e45\u66f4\u6539\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7565\u5fae\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u7531\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5c42\u5411\u540e\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5176\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-1060 \" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-300x155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"191\" \/>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>1<\/sup>Chomsky, N., Roberts, I., Watumull, J., <em>Noam Chomsky: The False Promise of ChatGPT<\/em>, The New York Times, 2023.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>2<\/sup>Goodfellow, I.J., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., <em>Deep Learning<\/em>, MIT Press, 2016.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>3<\/sup>LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., Hinton, G., <em>Deep learning<\/em>, Nature 521 521, 436\u2013444 (2015).<\/p>","rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u8d70\u5411\u6df1\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6781\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u751a\u81f3\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5373\u53ef\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1b\u5b83\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u65ad\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7c97\u66b4\u5173\u8054\uff08brute correlations)\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u89e3\u91ca<sup>1<\/sup>\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u5750\u4e0b\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u53c2\u6570\u201d<sup>2,3<\/sup>\u8f93\u5165\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c42\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u9010\u6e10\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u5e94\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u8f6c\u5f55\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_907\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-907\" style=\"width: 575px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-907\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"482\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-907\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6765\u6e90 : Goodfellow, I.J., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Deep Learning, MIT Press, 2016.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c42\u6b21\u5982\u4f55\u5806\u53e0\u5728\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u4e0a\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u201d\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5927\u8111\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u770b\u7167\u7247\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u9762\u5b54\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u4ece\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u989c\u8272\u548c\u4eae\u5ea6\u5230\u4eba\u8138\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u793a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u76f8\u90bb\u50cf\u7d20\u7684\u4eae\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u56fe\u50cf\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u91c7\u7528\u8fb9\u7f18\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u641c\u7d22\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u89d2\u548c\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u8fb9\u7f18\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316<sup>2,3<\/sup>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u5229\u7528\u8f6e\u5ed3\u548c\u89d2\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6162\u6162\u5730\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u80fd\u591f\u8db3\u591f\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u9762\u5b54\u6216\u8bc6\u522b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-908\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"418\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5f97\u5230\u7684<sup>3<\/sup>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u7565\u5fae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u6574\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6bcf\u6b21\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5207\u8fd0\u884c\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u5149\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u5b9e\u4f53\u80fd\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5f52\u96f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fb9\u7f18\u548c\u8f6e\u5ed3\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e00\u65e6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.pub\/aiforteachers\/chapter\/ai-speak-data-based-systems-part-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u51c6\u5907\u6570\u636e<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9009\u62e9\u5c42\u6570\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u6bcf\u5c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u90fd\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5c42\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c11\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u822c\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f18\u5316\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u8f83\u5c11\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53c2\u6570\u8f83\u5c11\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<sup>2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u7f51\u7edc\u8bad\u7ec3<\/h3>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"textbox\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u7684y=f (x, \u03b8)\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u03b8\uff1f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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class=\"indent\">\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fd\u6570f\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u51fd\u6570f1, f2, f3&#8230; \u5176\u4e2df= &#8230;.f3(f2(f1(x)))\u3002\u9760\u8fd1\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528f1\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u6362\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528f2\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-909\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/5.3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"419\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"no-indent\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u2014\u2014\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u91cd\u5c31\u50cf\u6700\u7ec8\u5b9a\u4e49\u8be5\u5c42\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65cb\u94ae<sup>3<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65cb\u94ae\u548c\u6570\u4ebf\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bc6\u522b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fb9\u7f18\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u68c0\u6d4b\u8f6e\u5ed3\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"indent\">\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u9884\u6d4b\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5927\u5e45\u66f4\u6539\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7565\u5fae\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u7531\u8f93\u51fa\u5c42\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u5c42\u5411\u540e\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5176\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1060\" src=\"http:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-300x155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"370\" height=\"191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-1024x529.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-768x397.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-65x34.jpg 65w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-225x116.jpg 225w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533-350x181.jpg 350w, https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/24\/2024\/03\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u622a\u56fe_20240823171533.jpg 1326w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>1<\/sup>Chomsky, N., Roberts, I., Watumull, J., <em>Noam Chomsky: The False Promise of ChatGPT<\/em>, The New York Times, 2023.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>2<\/sup>Goodfellow, I.J., Bengio, Y., Courville, A., <em>Deep Learning<\/em>, MIT Press, 2016.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\" style=\"text-align: left\"><sup>3<\/sup>LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., Hinton, G., <em>Deep learning<\/em>, Nature 521 521, 436\u2013444 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