{"id":180,"date":"2024-03-01T21:46:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T21:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/chapter\/cookies-and-fingerprinting\/"},"modified":"2024-08-21T06:13:41","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T06:13:41","slug":"cookies-and-fingerprinting","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/chapter\/cookies-and-fingerprinting\/","title":{"raw":"Cookie \u548c\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b","rendered":"Cookie \u548c\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_178\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"322\"]\"\" HTTP Cookie\u7531Harmil \u9075\u5faa CC BY SA \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/<\/a>[\/caption]\r\n

Cookies\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u60a8\u7535\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u60a8\u5728\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53f7\u662f #745673\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u559c\u6b22\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b cookies \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u7b49\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u91cc\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u65b0\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355\u3002\u5728cookies\u6280\u672f\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e1,2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 cookie \u6570\u636e\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u70b9\u51fb\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u559c\u597d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5e7f\u544a\u6295\u653e\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5411\uff091<\/sup>\u3002\u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cookies\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9cookies\u9700\u8981\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e7f\u544a\u4f1a\u8de8\u7f51\u7ad9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6 ID \u6216\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u53f7\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u53f7\u7801\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a cookie \u540c\u6b65<\/em>\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u753b\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6253\u4e0a\u8bf8\u5982\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u6613\u60a3\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e1<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5148\u524d\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u88ab\u5356\u7ed9\u51fa\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7533\u8bf7\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u8d2d\u4e70\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0a\u54ea\u6240\u5b66\u68213<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u90fd\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86cookie\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e00\u98792016\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c cookie \u540c\u6b65\u3002\u201c\u5728\u524d50\u540d\u4e2d\u670945\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d100\u540d\u4e2d\u670985\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d200\u540d\u4e2d\u6709157\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d1000\u540d\u4e2d\u6709460\u4e2a\u201d\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u540c\u6b65 cookies \u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f4<\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Google\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u7528\u6237\u572880%\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a5<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u89c6\u548c\u76d1\u63a76<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u516c\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u50cfDoNotTrackMe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u963b\u6b62cookie\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63d2\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u5220\u9664cookie\u7684\u529f\u80fd2<\/sup>\u3002\u50cf\u82f9\u679c\u548c\u8c37\u6b4c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u751a\u81f3\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u627f\u8bfa\u7981\u6b62\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9 cookies1<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4ece cookies \u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\r\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Adobe \u7684 Flash \u64ad\u653e\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e cookie \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4ed6cookie\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5FlashBlock\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec2<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u662f\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u8eb2\u8fc7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u963b\u6b62\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4fa6\u67e54<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_178\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]\"\" \u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u626b\u63cf\u201d\u7531Daniel Aleksandersen \u9075\u5faa CCo I.0. \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/deed.en<\/a>[\/caption]\r\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7535\u8111\u3001\u624b\u673a\u548c\u97f3\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5b58\u5728\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8eab\u4efd4<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6216 Wifi \u5730\u5740\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e WebRTC \u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u64ad\u653e\u97f3\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08AudioContext \u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u7535\u6c60\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u671f\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u5728\u7ebf\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c7,<\/sup>4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n

\r\n

1<\/sup>\u00a0Kant, T.,\u00a0Identity, Advertising, and Algorithmic Targeting: Or How (Not) to Target Your \u201cIdeal User\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0MIT Case Studies in Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Computing, 2021.<\/p>\r\n

2<\/sup>\u00a0Schneier, B.,\u00a0Data and Goliath : the Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World, W.W. Norton & Company,\u00a0<\/em>New York, 2015.<\/p>\r\n

3\u00a0<\/sup>Barocas, S.,\u00a0 Hardt, M., Narayanan, A.,\u00a0Fairness and machine learning Limitations and Opportunities<\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>2022.<\/p>\r\n

4\u00a0<\/sup>Englehardt, S., Narayanan, A.,\u00a0Online Tracking: A 1-million-site Measurement and Analysis<\/a><\/em>, Extended version of paper, ACM CCS, 2016.<\/p>\r\n

5\u00a0<\/sup>Libert, T.,\u00a0Exposing the Invisible Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites<\/em><\/a>, International Journal of Communication, v. 9, p. 18, Oct. 2015.<\/p>\r\n

6\u00a0<\/sup>Tavani, H., Zimmer, M.,\u00a0Search Engines and Ethics<\/a><\/em>, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2020 Edition, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).<\/p>\r\n

7\u00a0<\/sup>Olejnik, L., Acar, G., Castelluccia, C., Diaz, C.,\u00a0The leaking battery<\/em>, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015\/616, 2015.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n
\"\"
HTTP Cookie\u7531Harmil \u9075\u5faa CC BY SA \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cookies\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u60a8\u7535\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u60a8\u5728\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53f7\u662f #745673\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u60a8\u559c\u6b22\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b cookies \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u521d\u8877\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u7b49\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u8d2d\u7269\u8f66\u91cc\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u65b0\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355\u3002\u5728cookies\u6280\u672f\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e1,2<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 cookie \u6570\u636e\u6765\u5206\u6790\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u70b9\u51fb\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u559c\u597d\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5e7f\u544a\u6295\u653e\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5411\uff091<\/sup>\u3002\u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684cookies\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9cookies\u9700\u8981\u5411\u7f51\u7ad9\u652f\u4ed8\u8d39\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e7f\u544a\u4f1a\u8de8\u7f51\u7ad9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6 ID \u6216\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\u53f7\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u53f7\u7801\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a cookie \u540c\u6b65<\/em>\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u753b\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u6253\u4e0a\u8bf8\u5982\u7537\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u6613\u60a3\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e1<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5148\u524d\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u88ab\u5356\u7ed9\u51fa\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u3002\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u4eec\u7533\u8bf7\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u8d2d\u4e70\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0a\u54ea\u6240\u5b66\u68213<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u90fd\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86cookie\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e00\u98792016\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c cookie \u540c\u6b65\u3002\u201c\u5728\u524d50\u540d\u4e2d\u670945\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d100\u540d\u4e2d\u670985\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d200\u540d\u4e2d\u6709157\u4e2a\uff0c\u524d1000\u540d\u4e2d\u6709460\u4e2a\u201d\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u540c\u6b65 cookies \u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f4<\/sup>\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Google\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u80fd\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u7528\u6237\u572880%\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a5<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u89c6\u548c\u76d1\u63a76<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u516c\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u50cfDoNotTrackMe\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u963b\u6b62cookie\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63d2\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u5220\u9664cookie\u7684\u529f\u80fd2<\/sup>\u3002\u50cf\u82f9\u679c\u548c\u8c37\u6b4c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u751a\u81f3\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u627f\u8bfa\u7981\u6b62\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9 cookies1<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4ece cookies \u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Adobe \u7684 Flash \u64ad\u653e\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e cookie \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4ed6cookie\u540e\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5FlashBlock\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec2<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u662f\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u8eb2\u8fc7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u963b\u6b62\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4fa6\u67e54<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u626b\u63cf\u201d\u7531Daniel Aleksandersen \u9075\u5faa CCo I.0. \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6388\u6743\u3002\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bbf\u95ee https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/deed.en<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7535\u8111\u3001\u624b\u673a\u548c\u97f3\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5b58\u5728\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u672f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8eab\u4efd4<\/sup>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6216 Wifi \u5730\u5740\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e WebRTC \u7684\u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u64ad\u653e\u97f3\u9891\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08AudioContext \u6307\u7eb9\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u7535\u6c60\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u671f\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u5728\u7ebf\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c7,<\/sup>4<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

1<\/sup>\u00a0Kant, T.,\u00a0Identity, Advertising, and Algorithmic Targeting: Or How (Not) to Target Your \u201cIdeal User\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0MIT Case Studies in Social and Ethical Responsibilities of Computing, 2021.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup>\u00a0Schneier, B.,\u00a0Data and Goliath : the Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World, W.W. Norton & Company,\u00a0<\/em>New York, 2015.<\/p>\n

3\u00a0<\/sup>Barocas, S.,\u00a0 Hardt, M., Narayanan, A.,\u00a0Fairness and machine learning Limitations and Opportunities<\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>2022.<\/p>\n

4\u00a0<\/sup>Englehardt, S., Narayanan, A.,\u00a0Online Tracking: A 1-million-site Measurement and Analysis<\/a><\/em>, Extended version of paper, ACM CCS, 2016.<\/p>\n

5\u00a0<\/sup>Libert, T.,\u00a0Exposing the Invisible Web: An Analysis of Third-Party HTTP Requests on 1 Million Websites<\/em><\/a>, International Journal of Communication, v. 9, p. 18, Oct. 2015.<\/p>\n

6\u00a0<\/sup>Tavani, H., Zimmer, M.,\u00a0Search Engines and Ethics<\/a><\/em>, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2020 Edition, Edward N. Zalta (ed.).<\/p>\n

7\u00a0<\/sup>Olejnik, L., Acar, G., Castelluccia, C., Diaz, C.,\u00a0The leaking battery<\/em>, Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2015\/616, 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":165,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/180"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1010,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/180\/revisions\/1010"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/165"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/180\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=180"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=180"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aiopentext.itd.cnr.it\/chinesegpt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}